Andragogy vs. Pedagogy
In 1968, Malcolm Knowles introduced the concept of “Andragogy,” a previously European concept of Adult Learning. The primary point of Knowles concepts was to define Andragogy as “the art of teaching adults” and define Pedagogy as the “the art of teaching children” (Merriam, S., Caffarella, R., Wlodkowski, R., Cranton, 2001, p.86). Knowles has further refined his theory over time, which has resulted in the following list of adult learner characteristics.
- self-concept moves from dependency to self-direction
- accumulates a growing reservoir of experiences that becomes a resource for learning
- learning readiness becomes increasingly oriented to the tasks of various social roles
- time perspective changes from one of postponed knowledge application to immediate application
- orientation to learning shifts from subject-centered to problem-centered (Knowles: The Adult Learner, 1990)
Links:
Zemke and Zemke’s "30 things we know about adult learners"
Andrological and Pedagogical Training Differences for Online Instructors
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